Knowledge for Intercultural Communication Key areas of knowledge for those wanting to improve their intercultural communication are: some knowledge of the cultures, organisations and institutions, history and general way of living of different communities and nations. Recognition that these aspects affect behavioural norms. For example, there is considerable ‘history’ between the Greeks and Turks, and therefore it may be considered potentially a problem to serve Turkish food to a Greek person. An understanding of how culture can affect communication and language. For example, people from Nordic countries are often said to speak more directly than native English speakers who tend to use more ‘polite’ language. Scandinavians in the UK have reported causing offence to English people by failing to say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ enough. Some understanding of the conventions that may govern behaviour in certain specific intercultural environments, such as views on the role of women, or the licence (or otherwise) permitted to children. Crucially, awareness of your own and other people’s beliefs and values, and a willingness to recognise when these may clash. Sensitivity towards cultural stereotypes that may affect and interfere with intercultural communication.